In this 3-part series, we will be introducing some basic tools for understanding and troubleshooting results in OneSearch (Primo). In this first part, learn about the structure of PNX. In the second part, you’ll find out how to view the PNX and MARC source “behind” search results. In part three, we’ll show you how to use bookmarklets to view PNX and source records in one click.

Primo harvests data from a wide range of sources, such as Aleph, CUNY Academic Works, etc. This disparate data must be processed and optimized (or “normalized”). Primo creates an internal record from each original record. This Primo record is in a special generic format called Primo Normalized XML, which we refer to as PNX.

Metadata in the PNX record is organized in sections and each section serves a specific purpose. In some cases, the data appears to be duplicated, but this duplication is the result of each section storing an optimized form of the original metadata. In other words, while we want to display the author’s name as Clemens, Samuel, for various reasons in the facets section, we want the name to appear as Clemens, S.

Why might library staff be interested in the contents of these sections?

When you have a question about OneSearch functionality, the answer may be in the PNX record.

For example, if a book about Mark Twain is not showing up in search results for Samuel Clemens, a look through the search section of the record may show that Samuel Clemens does not appear there. If this text appears in the source record but not in the PNX search section, then we can improve search results by analyzing source content to identify missing metadata and change the way the search section is created.

PNX sections are (in order of appearance in the record):

• Control (control) = control fields (record number, data source, etc)
• Display (display) = fields available for display in brief and full views
• Links (links) = URLs used in the View Online, More Options, and Details tabs
• Search (search) = data available for searching (if full text data is also indexed, it is hidden from view in the PNX record)
• Sort (sort) = fields which can be included as a sort option
• Facets (facets) = fields available as facet values
• Duplication Detection (dedup) = used to identify duplicate records
• Grouping (frbr) = used to identify records similar enough to be grouped (FRBRized)
• Delivery and Scoping (delivery) = related to search coverage and delivery
• Enrichment (enrichment) = used by an enrichment process
• Ranking (ranking) = booster values that can be used to improve record rank in results
• Additional Data (addata) = multi-purpose data elements that cannot be extracted from other PNX sections
• Browse (browse) = browse fields

Each of the above sections contains multiple subfields. Many of those subfield names, such as “creator” or “title,” are self-explanatory. Empty sections do not appear, so in the example below, the frbr and enrichment sections do not appear.

Sample PNX record (abridged):

<record xmlns="http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/xsd/primo/primo_nm_bib" xmlns:sear="http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/xsd/jaguar/search">
<control>
<sourcerecordid>gc_etds-1292</sourcerecordid>
<sourceid>CUNY_BEPRESS</sourceid>
<recordid>CUNY_BEPRESSgc_etds-1292</recordid>
<sourceformat>Digital Entity</sourceformat>
<sourcesystem>Other</sourcesystem>
</control>
<display>
<type>dissertation</type>
<title>Coming of Age in Neoliberal New York</title>
<creator>Sugg, Jennifer Hope</creator>
<publisher>CUNY Academic Works</publisher>
<creationdate>2014</creationdate>
<format>PDF File</format>
<ispartof>The Graduate Center, CUNY, Dissertations and Theses, 2014-Present</ispartof>
<subject>Women; Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies</subject>
<description>Thirty years of neoliberal policies have left New York a divided city, with ever-rising rates of income inequality and widening social disparity. Structural transformations associated with global capitalism have led to divergent experiences for male and female youth coming of age in the 21st century.</description>
<language>eng</language>
<source>CUNY Academic Works</source>
</display>
<links>
<linktorsrc>$$Uhttp://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1292&context=gc_etds$$DView Online</linktorsrc>
<addlink>$$Uhttp://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/293$$DView Record in CUNY Academic Works</addlink>
<openurl>$$Uhttp://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1292&context=gc_etds$$DView Online</openurl>
</links>
<search>
<creatorcontrib>Sugg, Jennifer Hope</creatorcontrib>
<creatorcontrib>Jennifer Hope Sugg</creatorcontrib>
<title>Coming of Age in Neoliberal New York</title>
<subject>New York</subject>
<subject>Urban</subject>
<subject>Women</subject>
<subject>Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies</subject>
<subject>Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies</subject>
<recordid>CUNY_BEPRESSgc_etds-1292</recordid>
<sourceid>CUNY_BEPRESS</sourceid>
<rsrctype>dissertation</rsrctype>
<creationdate>2014-06-03T07:00:00Z</creationdate>
<startdate>20140101</startdate>
<enddate>20141231</enddate>
<addtitle>Dissertations and Theses, 2014-Present</addtitle>
<searchscope>CUNY_BEPRESS</searchscope>
<searchscope>CEN</searchscope>
<searchscope>GC</searchscope>
<searchscope>AL</searchscope>
<scope>CUNY_BEPRESS</scope>
<scope>CEN</scope>
<scope>GC</scope>
<scope>AL</scope>
</search>
<sort>
<title>Coming of Age in Neoliberal New York</title>
<creationdate>2014</creationdate>
<author>Sugg, Jennifer Hope</author>
</sort>
<facets>
<language>eng</language>
<creationdate>2014</creationdate>
<topic>Women</topic>
<topic>Law</topic>
<topic>Arts and Humanities</topic>
<topic>Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies</topic>
<collection>CUNY Academic Works</collection>
<toplevel>online_resources</toplevel>
<prefilter>dissertations</prefilter>
<rsrctype>dissertations</rsrctype>
<creatorcontrib>Sugg, Jennifer Hope</creatorcontrib>
<format>application/pdf</format>
<library>GC001</library>
<library>AL001</library>
<lfc03>GC</lfc03>
<lfc03>CEN</lfc03>
<frbrgroupid>9566812</frbrgroupid>
<frbrtype>6</frbrtype>
</facets>
<dedup>
<t>1</t>
<c3>comingofageinneoliberalnewyork</c3>
<c4>2014</c4>
<f5>comingofageinneoliberalnewyork</f5>
<f6>2014</f6>
<f7>coming of age in neoliberal new york</f7>
<f11>sugg jennifer hope</f11>
</dedup>
<delivery>
<institution>CEN</institution>
<delcategory>Online Resource</delcategory>
</delivery>
<ranking>
<booster1>1</booster1>
<booster2>1</booster2>
</ranking>
<addata>
<au>Sugg, Jennifer Hope</au>
<btitle>Coming of Age in Neoliberal New York</btitle>
<date>2014</date>
<risdate>2014</risdate>
<format>dissertation</format>
<genre>dissertation</genre>
<ristype>GEN</ristype>
<pub>CUNY Academic Works</pub>
<notes>dissertation</notes>
</addata>
<browse>
<author>$$DSugg, Jennifer Hope$$ESugg, Jennifer Hope</author>
<subject>$$DNew York$$ENew York</subject>
<subject>$$DWomen$$EWomen</subject>
<subject>$$DEducation$$EEducation</subject>
<subject>$$DFeminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies$$EFeminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies</subject>
<subject>$$DQuantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies$$EQuantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies</subject>
<title>$$DComing of Age in Neoliberal New York$$EComing of Age in Neoliberal New York</title>
<institution>CEN</institution>
</browse>
</record>


Coming soon:

• Behind OneSearch: Part 2 – View PNX and Source Records
• Behind OneSearch: Part 3 – PNX and Source Record Bookmarklets